The steady enrollment decline in science has become a global concern. This situation is exacerbated in some countries, particularly in Africa, where, in addition, the participation of girls and women in science is not guaranteed.

This fact was confirmed by the Minister of Secondary and Higher Education and Scientific Research of Niger, who pointed out that enrollment in science at the University of Niamey is only about 13% for the academic year 2012-2013 in a speech during the opening ceremony of a workshop on teaching microscience. In 2010, the African Union and the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) developed a regional action plan to promote science and technology in Africa.